Basic structure of automobile wiper

Taking the electric windshield wiper as an example, the basic structure and working principle are introduced.

The electric windshield wiper is driven by a motor and generally consists of a wiper arm, a wiper blade assembly, a rubber blade, a blade support, a blade holder, a wiper arm spindle, a wiper base plate, a motor, a reduction mechanism, a drive rod system, a drive rod hinge, a wiper switch and a wiper switch knob. Of course, the wiper with wiper ECU is also equipped with electronic control unit ECU. The electric windshield wiper is driven by a motor. The left and right wiper blades of the wiper are pressed against the outer surface of the windshield by the wiper arm. The motor drives the speed reduction mechanism to rotate and reciprocates through the drive rod system, driving the wiper arm and wiper blade to swing right to wipe the windshield.

Working principle of automobile wiper

The motor on the electric wiper drives the output shaft through the worm gear on the armature shaft and drives the output gear through the idler gear and the idler shaft. Then, the output arm connecting the wiper link is operated by the output shaft. When the motor rotates, the output arm and the connecting rod are driven to move forward and backward.

The resistor on the control switch is connected with the armature winding of the motor to control the speed of the motor. The driver can pull the switch as required to make the current flow into the input circuit of the motor.

The power source of the wiper comes from the motor, which is the core of the whole wiper system. The quality requirements of the wiper motor are quite high. It uses a DC permanent magnet motor, and the wiper motor installed on the front windshield is generally integrated with the worm gear mechanical part. The function of worm gear and worm mechanism is to reduce speed and increase torque. Its output shaft drives the four-bar linkage, which changes the continuous rotary motion to the left-right swing motion.

The wiper motor adopts a three brush structure to facilitate speed change. The intermittent time is controlled by the intermittent relay. The charging and discharging functions of the return switch contact of the motor and the resistance capacitor of the relay are used to make the wiper wipe according to a certain period. The wiper blade rubber strip is a tool for directly removing rain and dirt on the glass. The blade rubber strip is pressed against the glass surface through the spring strip, and its lip must match with the glass angle to achieve the required performance.

There is a wiper control knob on the handle of the automobile combination switch, and there are three gears: low speed, high speed and intermittent. The top of the handle is the washer key switch. When the switch is pressed, the washing water is ejected, and the windshield is washed with the wiper. The washer system is a very common device on the automobile at present. It consists of a water storage tank, a water pump, a water pipe and a water spray nozzle. The water storage tank is generally a 1.5-2-liter plastic tank. The water pump is a micro electric centrifugal pump. Through it, the washing water of the water storage tank is sent to the water spray nozzle, and the washing water is sprayed into a fine jet to the windshield through the extrusion of 2-4 water spray nozzles, and the windshield is cleaned with the wiper.